__Q:__What beats what in the air?
I ask because I frequently lose air-to-airs (for example, I often use j.LP, the defacto air-to-air, but it often loses to heavy attacks in the air which I thought were supposed to be slower).
Well whatever hits first wins. If they did a jump.hp earlier than you and you did j.lp, they might hit you first. If they hit at the same time, follow the priority rules.
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Priority for air to airs is the same as priority on the ground. If they do a heavier attack and it actually comes out, it will beat your jumping light. If your light hits them before their attack becomes active though, then youâll win.
What beats heavies then?
27f I believe, just slightly more reactable than aganos instant overhead.
If in air, grounded attacks.
If we are talking about Aganos, I would go for j.mk in close air to air situations, and when you have the proper spacing and timing, j.HP or j.HK
J.HK itâs a great button which serves very well to Aganos, and can be part of simple yet effective wake up preassure
J. MK its probably Aganosâ best jumping button, with decent hitbox and great for cross ups
J. HP itâs slow, but it can lead to a lot of dirty stuff if it lands late in Aganosâ jump. I would recomend it over the others when Aganos is jumping forward and your opponent backwards
Lol. Yep, Iâm done trying to say specific numbers for anything thatâs not a Hisako command grab or cr.MK 
Same priority rules as grounded. Air specials (most of them, not to include specifically low-priority moves like trailblazer) will beat air heavies, and air shadows will beat air specials.
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I donât get what youâre trying to say here.
Grounded attacks beat aerial attacks of the same strength.
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Attacks on the ground will generally beat out any air attack.
I rarely use j.HK unless thereâs a wall behind them, Iâm working on using j.HP more effectively and often, and I use j.MP frequently asked of great affect, especially when crossing up.
Oh. This part I already knew. Try to use better phrasing next time please.
Summarizing:
Shadow > Special > Heavy > Medium > Light
If itâs airborne, then lower it one place
So Shadow >air Shadow = Special > Air Special = Heavy > Air Heavy = Medium > Air Medium = Light > Air light
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Best explanation yet! 
It also explains why Iâm always losing with j.LP and practically never see anyone use it. What makes it useful then, if itâs on the bottom of the totem pole?
Because the priority system only comes at play when two active moves collide.
So if we both jump at the same time and I use a j.LP which has 5 startup frames, and you use a shadow move which has 55 startup frames, my light will beat your air shadow because yours canât be out on time
I also worry about hitbox size. Heavier attacks traditionally have larger hitboxes, which makes them even more likely to hit. Basically, as long as you can get the attack out early (or late for crossups) why would you ever use a j.LP/LK? I feel like the priority system should be circular, with j.LP/LK beating out air shadow moves, similar to how they often can on the ground.
Theyâre useful for stuffing people that do slower moves. One use i use a lot is if i know my opponent likes to do a second jumping hp cross up after i block their first, and reversing my anti-air input is annoying, then i could just jump up with them and jab them out of it.
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Because in many situations you canât get the attack out early. If I think youâre going to take to the air and jump up with a light and you do jump, youâre probably going to get tagged by it before any non-light button you try becomes active. Heavier attacks just take more time, and as a result often lose to faster options while theyâre still in start up.
There is no âwheelâ of priority on the ground either. The instances youâre talking about are a result of the light buttons simply coming out faster than the shadow move, and thus stuffing the attempted shadow before it becomes active. Which, incidentally, is also why you use light buttons in the air sometimes. The range and priority on a move donât matter if I can stuff you before it comes out.
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While I like that example, neither of Aganosâ jumping lights are particularly fast.